1Don’t rebuke an older man, but exhort him as a father; the younger men as brothers;
2the elder women as mothers; the younger as sisters, in all purity.
3Honor widows who are widows indeed.
4But if any widow has children or grandchildren, let them learn first to show piety toward their own family and to repay their parents, for this is acceptable in the sight of God.
5Now she who is a widow indeed and desolate, has her hope set on God and continues in petitions and prayers night and day.
6But she who gives herself to pleasure is dead while she lives.
7Also command these things, that they may be without reproach.
8But if anyone doesn’t provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.
9Let no one be enrolled as a widow under sixty years old, having been the wife of one man,
10being approved by good works, if she has brought up children, if she has been hospitable to strangers, if she has washed the saints’ feet, if she has relieved the afflicted, and if she has diligently followed every good work.
11But refuse younger widows, for when they have grown wanton against Christ, they desire to marry,
12having condemnation, because they have rejected their first pledge.
13Besides, they also learn to be idle, going about from house to house. Not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, saying things which they ought not.
14I desire therefore that the younger widows marry, bear children, rule the household, and give no occasion to the adversary for insulting.
15For already some have turned away after Satan.
16If any man or woman who believes has widows, let them relieve them, and don’t let the assembly be burdened, that it might relieve those who are widows indeed.
17Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching.
18For the Scripture says, “You shall not muzzle the ox when it treads out the grain.” And, “The laborer is worthy of his wages.”
19Don’t receive an accusation against an elder except at the word of two or three witnesses.
20Those who sin, reprove in the sight of all, that the rest also may be in fear.
21I command you in the sight of God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, and the chosen angels, that you observe these things without prejudice, doing nothing by partiality.
22Lay hands hastily on no one. Don’t be a participant in other people’s sins. Keep yourself pure.
23Be no longer a drinker of water only, but use a little wine for your stomach’s sake and your frequent infirmities.
24Some men’s sins are evident, preceding them to judgment, and some also follow later.
25In the same way also there are good works that are obvious, and those that are otherwise can’t be hidden.
Paul provides Timothy with practical guidelines for pastoral care within the church community, emphasizing respectful relationships across age groups and genders. He establishes detailed criteria for supporting widows, distinguishing between those truly in need and those with family support, while creating an enrollment system for older widows who serve the church. The chapter concludes with instructions for honoring and disciplining church elders, including proper procedures for handling accusations and the importance of careful selection in leadership appointments.
Context
Following chapter 4's focus on Timothy's personal ministry, Paul now addresses the practical administration of church relationships and support systems that Timothy must oversee.
Key Themes
Outline
Paul instructs Timothy on how to relate respectfully to different age groups within the church community, treating them as family members with appropriate honor and purity.
theme_rarity
Paul's revolutionary instruction to treat church members as family—older men as fathers, younger as brothers, older women as mothers, younger as sisters—appears in only two biblical passages, making this familial reimagining of religious community remarkably rare.
Paul provides detailed instructions for caring for widows in the church, emphasizing family responsibility first, then church support for truly destitute widows who meet specific criteria.
person_contrast
Paul's widow care instructions create Christianity's first documented social welfare system, establishing eligibility criteria that modern governments would recognize—age requirements, family means-testing, and behavioral standards.
Paul gives guidelines for honoring and disciplining church elders, emphasizing fair treatment, proper procedures for accusations, and careful selection of leaders.
person_contrast
Paul's solemn charge "before God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels" (v.21) creates the only New Testament tribunal where Jesus appears as witness to church discipline rather than final judge.
1 Timothy 5:4
1 Timothy 3:4lexicalone who rules his own house well, having children in subjection with all reverence;
1 Timothy 3:12lexicalLet servants be husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.
1 Timothy 2:3lexicalFor this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior,
1 Timothy 5:5
Luke 2:37lexicaland she had been a widow for about eighty-four years), who didn’t depart from the temple, worshiping with fastings and p…
2 Timothy 1:3lexicalI thank God, whom I serve as my forefathers did, with a pure conscience. How unceasing is my memory of you in my petitio…
Acts 26:7lexicalwhich our twelve tribes, earnestly serving night and day, hope to attain. Concerning this hope I am accused by the Jews,…
1 Timothy 5:17
1 Thessalonians 5:12lexicalBut we beg you, brothers, to know those who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord and admonish you,
1 Timothy 4:10lexicalFor to this end we both labor and suffer reproach, because we have set our trust in the living God, who is the Savior of…
1 Timothy 5:18
1 Corinthians 9:9lexicalFor it is written in the law of Moses, “You shall not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain.” Is it for the oxen th…
Luke 10:7lexicalRemain in that same house, eating and drinking the things they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Don’t go fr…
1 Timothy 5:19
Hebrews 10:28lexicalA man who disregards Moses’ law dies without compassion on the word of two or three witnesses.
Matthew 18:16lexicalBut if he doesn’t listen, take one or two more with you, that at the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be e…
2 Corinthians 13:1lexicalThis is the third time I am coming to you. “At the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established.”
John 2:6lexicalNow there were six water pots of stone set there after the Jews’ way of purifying, containing two or three metretes apie…
Matthew 18:20lexicalFor where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the middle of them.”
Word-by-word original language